Abstract:
This study aimed to develop a tool to assess resilience in children and
youth in Indonesia holistically. We used the Indonesian adaptation of the Child and
Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R). We extended it to include domains of
spirituality and religiosity, which are important protective factors for young people
in Indonesia. Following focus group discussions with Indonesian children and youth,
26 items were developed and tested with students aged 10–18 years (N = 5,504,
63.5% female, 98% Muslim). Exploratory factor analysis produced a two-factor 12-
item model. This was then validated together with the CYRM-R using confirmatory
factor analysis, which involved invariance tests with sex, age, religion, and school
groups. Further analyses confirmed the convergent and incremental validity of the
extended measure (correlating and predicting measures of well-being, respectively),
and tests of internal consistency also found that each subscale of the extended
measure had a high level of reliability. This expanded version of the CYRM-R, which now includes subscales assessing spirituality and religiosity, works well for mea-
suring important protective factors implicated in the resilience of children and youth
in Indonesia. We named this expanded measure the “CYRM-R Plus Spirituality and
Religiosity”.
